--Some common methods of election fraud are:
ballot destruction
multiple voting
vote suppression
ballot stuffing
prestuffed ballots
result fabrications
harassment of opposition
unequal access to Media
*See also, gerrymandering and electoral geography
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1: The End of the European Age.
2: The rise of the US to superpower status.
3: The expansion of the Soviet Union and its rise to superpower status.
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Definition of Internal War-an armed conflict involving combatant groups that reside within a single country- a “civil war”; 80-90% of all wars are internal
Examples-Afghanistan
, India
, Lebanon
, Rwanda
, Sierra Leone
, Haiti
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Nonviolent Civic Resistance –“People Power Revolutions”, involves the use of forceful, but nonviolent, political tactics to generate political change;
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Definition of State
- In Comparative Politics: A country’s governmental institutions, personnel, laws and procedures.
A state has four purposes that come out of the government: the protection of life, property, and liberty, and the promotion of general welfare
National versus State Government
Institutions of the State:
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Define Political Culture –the norms, values, beliefs, and attitudes toward government that predominate in a country and the impact these have on the content of the political system.
Different forms of Political Culture (Almond and Verba typology):
-Participant Culture- the people (participants) are usually knowledgeable and interested in politics, they also support a democratic system and are often active in civic life, such as organizations and voting.
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The Articles of Confederation were the original governmental system, and they were written after it was realized that the US needed a government system. It was called a Federal system of government, rather than a National system because it needed to be differentiated from the colonial system. A committee was established in 1776 to draw up the Articles, and appointed chairman was John Dickinson, who drafted the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union.
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Political economy – definition: the study of how the political decisions made within a country affect economic development, the distribution of wealth, and the nature of the economic system.
Economic Development – definition and attributes: economic growth that improves the living standards such as: increases in income, improvements in access to and quality of: food, health care, housing, education, and technology.
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The Stamp Act was created as a tax on paper goods, for example: all government papers, such as marriage licenses, writing paper and playing cards, etc. and one was already established in England at the time. People would buy the paper that they needed as normal, but they would then pay a tax on it before printing whatever it was they needed, and depending on the type of paper bought determined the amount of tax paid. The idea was that the money would be kept in America to help pay for the troops currently stationed here, and it was felt that this would be better received by the colonists.
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